Python Bytes is a weekly podcast hosted by Michael Kennedy and Brian Okken. The show is a short discussion on the headlines and noteworthy news in the Python, developer, and data science space.
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#395 pythont compatible packages
Topics covered in this episode: py-free-threading.github.io Python’s Supportive and Welcoming Environment is Tightly Coupled to Its Progress Status pages for sites! PEP 751 – A file format to list Python dependencies for installation reproducibility Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: py-free-threading.github.io Track the status of compatibility for free-threaded Python See the Compatibility status tracking page for what you can use Lots of resources for getting your package tested and available for pythont Brian #2: Python’s Supportive and Welcoming Environment is Tightly Coupled to Its Progress “Python is as popular as it is today because we have gone above and beyond to make this a welcoming community. Being a friendly and supportive community is part of how we are perceived by the wider world and is integral to the wide popularity of Python. We won a “Wonderfully Welcoming Award” last year at GitHub Universe. Over and over again, the tech press refers to Python as a supportive community.” Some communication recently, with the recent bylaws change, didn’t live up to our promise to be welcoming Please read the article for more details. Another quote: “We have a moral imperative – as one of the very best places to bring new people into tech and into open source – to keep being good at welcoming new people. If we do not rise and continue to rise every day to this task, then we are not fulfilling our own mission, “to support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python programmers.” Technical skills are a game-changer for the people who acquire them and joining a vast global network of people with similar interests opens many doors. Behavior that contributes to a hostile environment around Python or throws up barriers and obstacles to those who would join the Python community must be addressed because it endangers what we have built here.” Michael #3: Status pages for sites! Based on Uptime Kuma I covered last week Python Bytes status Talk Python status Brian #4: PEP 751 – A file format to list Python dependencies for installation reproducibility Brett Cannon Motivation Currently, no standard exists to: Specify what top-level dependencies should be installed into a Python environment. Create an immutable record, such as a lock file, of which dependencies were installed. Considering there are at least five well-known solutions to this problem in the community (pip freeze, pip-tools, uv, Poetry, and PDM), there seems to be an appetite for lock files in general. Rationale The format is designed so that a locker which produces the lock file and an installer which consumes the lock file can be separate tools. … The file format is designed to be human-readable. …Finally, the format is designed so that viewing a diff of the file is easy by centralizing relevant details. The file format is also designed to not require a resolver at install time. … Extras Brian: Hello, pytest! course is going well, and is purchasable as in pre-release mode. Planning on Aug 19 (or before) deadline. Not sure what the final price will be, but I’m starting with $10. I want people to want to watch it even just so see if they want to recommend to co-workers so the people around them can ramp up on pytest quickly. Michael: Mypy 1.11 Released FastHTML (more next week) Coming up on the final chance to be part of the Code in a Castle event. Joke: Open source OpenAI?
#394 Python is easy now?
Topics covered in this episode: Python is easy now Trying out free-threaded Python on macOS Module itertools overview uptime-kuma Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: Python is easy now or Postmodern Python or Beyond Hypermodern Chris Ardene Mostly a cool review of using rye for setup linting typing testing documentation CI/CD Also a nice discussion of how to deal with a Monorepo for Python projects Michael #2: Trying out free-threaded Python on macOS via pycoders How to install free threaded Python the easy way Testing the CPU bound work speed ups for FT Python Brian #3: Module itertools overview Rodrigo 20 tools that every Python developer should be aware of. In 5 categories Reshaping Filtering Combinatorial Infinite Iterators that complement other tools Things I forgot about chain pairwise zip_longest tee Michael #4: uptime-kuma A fancy self-hosted monitoring tool Features Monitoring uptime for HTTP(s) / TCP / HTTP(s) Keyword / HTTP(s) Json Query / Ping / DNS Record / Push / Steam Game Server / Docker Containers Fancy, Reactive, Fast UI/UX Notifications via Telegram, Discord, Gotify, Slack, Pushover, Email (SMTP), and 90+ notification services, click here for the full list 20-second intervals Multi Languages Multiple status pages Map status pages to specific domains Ping chart Certificate info Proxy support 2FA support Extras Brian: Still working on a new pytest course. Hoping to get it released soon-ish. Michael: Open source Switzerland spyoungtech/FreeSimpleGUI — actively maintained fork of the last release of PySimpleGUI Joke: Java vs. JavaScript
#393 Dare enter the Bash dungeon?
Topics covered in this episode: Marimo: “Future of Notebooks” pytest 8.3.0 & 8.3.1 are out Python Language Summit 2024 bash-dungeon Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by us! Support our work through: Our courses at Talk Python Training The Complete pytest Course Patreon Supporters Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: Marimo: “Future of Notebooks” via Matt Wilkie An open-source reactive notebook for Python Run one cell and marimo reacts by automatically running affected cells, eliminating the error-prone chore of managing notebook state. Marimo's reactive UI elements, like dataframe GUIs and plots, make working with data feel refreshingly fast, futuristic, and intuitive. Rapidly experiment with code and models Bind UI elements to Python values Pick-up-and-play design, with depth for power users See the FAQ Brian #2: pytest 8.3.0 & 8.3.1 are out Real excited to get --xfail-tb flag added This detaches xfail tracebacks from -rx/-ra (which was how it was pre-8.0) Keyword matching for marker expressions, that’s fun. pytest -v -m "device(serial='123')" --no-fold-skipped allows for explit reporting of names of skipped tests Plus many more improvements, bug fixes, and doc improvements Michael #3: Python Language Summit 2024 Should Python adopt Calendar Versioning?: talk by Hugo van Kemenade Python's security model after the xz-utils backdoor: talk by Pablo Galindo Salgado Native Interface and Limited C API: talks by Petr Viktorin and Victor Stinner Free-threading ecosystems: talk by Daniele Parmeggiani Python on Mobile: talk by Malcolm Smith PyREPL -- New default REPL written in Python: talk by Pablo Galindo Salgado, Łukasz Langa, and Lysandros Nikolaou Should we make pdb better?: talk by Tian Gao Limiting yield in async generators: talk by Zac Hatfield-Dodds Annotations as Transforms: talk by Jason R. Coombs Lightning Talks, featuring talks by Petr Viktorin, David Hewitt, Emily Morehouse, Łukasz Langa, Pablo Galindo Salgado, and Yury Selivanov Brian #4: bash-dungeon “This game is intended to teach new users how to use their shell in a fun and interactive way.” Just clone the repo and start exploring with cd, ls, and cat. First moves cd bash-dungeon ls cd Enter ls cat parchment A fun way to learn some commands you might need and/or might have forgotten about. Extras Brian: Python 3.12.0b4, final beta, is out If hanging out on discuss.python.org, please checkout Community Guidelines And if it’s still not clear why we need these, check out Inclusive communications expectations in Python spaces Google Chrome news Michael: PySimpleGUI goes commercial with obfuscated “source open”? Still have seats for Code in a Castle event Reactive Dashboards with Shiny for Python free course Joke: 40 Million in in Series A Funding - may be a lot of reading, but I found it funny Thanks to VM Brasseur for sharing this one. Also a few from pyjokes 0.7.2 (first new version since 2019) If at first you don't succeed, call it version 1.0. A product manager walks into a bar, asks for drink. Bartender says no, but will consider adding later. Triumphantly, Beth removed Python 2.7 from her server in 2030. 'Finally!' she said with glee, only to see the announcement for Python 4.4.1 Although, if CalVer, PEP 2026, happens, that’ll just be Python 3.30.0.
#392 The votes have been counted
Topics covered in this episode: 2024 PSF Board Election & Proposed Bylaw Change Results SATYRN: A modern Jupyter client for Mac Incident Report: Leaked GitHub Personal Access Token Extra extra extra Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Code Comments, an original podcast from RedHat: pythonbytes.fm/code-comments Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: 2024 PSF Board Election & Proposed Bylaw Change Results New board members Tania Allard KwonHan Bae Cristián Maureira-Fredes Congrats to new board members If you want to consider becoming a board member, there are 4 seats up for vote next year. All 3 bylaw changes passed, by a wide margin. Details of changes Change 1: Merging Contributing and Managing member classes Change 2: Simplifying the voter affirmation process by treating past voting activity as intent to continue voting Change 3: Allow for removal of Fellows by a Board vote in response to Code of Conduct violations, removing the need for a vote of the membership Michael #2: SATYRN: A modern Jupyter client for Mac A Jupyter client app for macOS Comes with a command palette LLM assistance (local or cloud?) Built in Black formatter Currently in alpha Business model unknown Brian #3: Incident Report: Leaked GitHub Personal Access Token Suggested by Galen Swint See also JFrog blog: Binary secret scanning helped us prevent (what might have been) the worst supply chain attack you can imagine A GitHub access token found it’s way into a .pyc file, then into a docker image. JFrog found it through some regular scans. JFrog notified PYPI security. Token was destroyed within 17 minutes. (nice turnaround) Followup scan revealed that no harm was done. Takaways (from Ee Durbin): Set aggressive expiration dates for API tokens (If you need them at all) Treat .pyc files as if they were source code Perform builds on automated systems from clean source only. Michael #4: Extra extra extra Python 3.13.0 beta 3 released Ice got a lot better I Will Piledrive You If You Say AI Again | Prime Reacts Video Follow up actions for polyfill supply chain attack Developer Ecosystem Survey 2024 Code in a Castle still has seats open Extras Brian: A new pytest course in the works Quick course focusing on core pytest features + some strategy and Design for Testability concepts Idea everyone on the team (including managers) can take the new course. 1-2 people on a team take “The Complete pytest Course” to become the teams local pytest experts. Python People is on an indefinite hold Python Test → back to Test & Code (probably) I’m planning a series (maybe a season) on TDD which will be language agnostic. Plus I still have tons of Test & Code stickers and no Python Test stickers. New episodes planned for August Joke: I need my intellisense (autocomplete)
#391 A weak episode
Topics covered in this episode: Vendorize packages from PyPI A Guide to Python's Weak References Using weakref Module Making Time Speak How Should You Test Your Machine Learning Project? A Beginner’s Guide Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Code Comments, an original podcast from RedHat: pythonbytes.fm/code-comments Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: Vendorize packages from PyPI Allows pure-Python dependencies to be vendorized: that is, the Python source of the dependency is copied into your own package. Best used for small, pure-Python dependencies Brian #2: A Guide to Python's Weak References Using weakref Module Martin Heinz Very cool discussion of weakref Quick garbage collection intro, and how references and weak references are used. Using weak references to build data structures. Example of two kinds of trees Implementing the Observer pattern How logging and OrderedDict use weak references Michael #3: Making Time Speak by Prayson, a former guest and friend of the show Translating time into human-friendly spoken expressions Example: clock("11:15") # 'quarter past eleven' Features Convert time into spoken expressions in various languages. Easy-to-use API with a simple and intuitive design. Pure Python implementation with no external dependencies. Extensible architecture for adding support for additional languages using the plugin design pattern. Brian #4: How Should You Test Your Machine Learning Project? A Beginner’s Guide François Porcher Using pytest and pytest-cov for testing machine learning projects Lots of pieces can and should be tested just as normal functions. Example of testing a clean_text(text: str) -> str function Test larger chunks with canned input and expected output. Example test_tokenize_text() Using fixtures for larger reusable components in testing Example fixture: bert_tokenizer() with pretrained data Checking coverage Extras Michael: Twilio Authy Hack Google Authenticator is the only option? Really? Bitwarden to the rescue Requires (?) an update to their app, whose release notes (v26.1.0) only say “Bug fixes” Introducing Docs in Proton Drive This is what I called on Mozilla to do in “Unsolicited Advice for Mozilla and Firefox” But Proton got there first Early bird ending for Code in a Castle course Joke: I Lied
#390 Coding in a Castle
Topics covered in this episode: Joining Strings in Python: A "Huh" Moment 10 hard-to-swallow truths they won't tell you about software engineer job My thoughts on Python in Excel Extra, extra, extra Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: Joining Strings in Python: A "Huh" Moment Veronica Berglyd Olsen Standard solution to “read lines from a file, do some filtering, create a multiline string”: f = open("input_file.txt") filtered_text = "\n".join(x for x in f if not x.startswith("#")) This uses a generator, file reading, and passes the generator to join. Another approach is to add brackets and pass that generator to a list comprehension: f = open("input_file.txt") filtered_text = "\n".join([x for x in f if not x.startswith("#")]) At first glance, this seems to just be extra typing, but it’s actually faster by 16% on CPython due to the implementation of .join() doing 2 passes on input if passed a generator. From Trey Hunner: “I do know that it’s not possible to do 2 passes over a generator (since it’d be exhausted after the first pass) so from my understanding, the generator version requires an extra step of storing all the items in a list first.” Michael #2: 10 hard-to-swallow truths they won't tell you about software engineer job College will not prepare you for the job You will rarely get greenfield projects Nobody gives a BLANK about your clean code You will sometimes work with incompetent people Get used to being in meetings for hours They will ask you for estimates a lot of times Bugs will be your arch-enemy for life Uncertainty will be your toxic friend It will be almost impossible to disconnect from your job You will profit more from good soft skills than from good technical skills Brian #3: My thoughts on Python in Excel Felix Zumstein Interesting take on one person’s experience with trying Python in Excel. “We wanted an alternative to VBA, but got an alternative to the Excel formula language” “Python runs in the cloud on Azure Container Instances and not inside Excel.” “DataFrames are great, but so are NumPy arrays and lists.” … lots of other interesting takaways. Michael #4: Extra, extra, extra Code in a castle - Michael’s Python Zero to Hero course in Tuscany Polyfill.io JavaScript supply chain attack impacts over 100K sites Now required reading: Reasons to avoid Javascript CDNs Mac users served info-stealer malware through Google ads HTMX for the win! ssh to run remote commands > ssh user@server "command_to_run --arg1 --arg2" Extras Brian: A fun reaction to AI - I will not be showing the link on our live stream, due to colorful language. Michael: Coding in a Castle Developer Education Event Polyfill.io JavaScript supply chain attack impacts over 100K sites See Reasons to avoid Javascript CDNs Joke: HTML Hacker
#389 More OOP for Python?
Topics covered in this episode: Solara UI Framework Coverage at a crossroads “Virtual” methods in Python classes Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: Solara UI Framework via Florian A Pure Python, React-style Framework for Scaling Your Jupyter and Web Apps Solara lets you build web apps from pure Python using ipywidgets or a React-like API on top of ipywidgets. These apps work both inside the Jupyter Notebook and as standalone web apps with frameworks like FastAPI. See the Examples page. Based on Reacton By building on top of ipywidgets, Solara automatically leverage an existing ecosystem of widgets and run on many platforms, including JupyterLab, Jupyter Notebook, Voilà, Google Colab, DataBricks, JetBrains Datalore, and more. Brian #2: Coverage at a crossroads Ned Batchelder is working on making coverage.py faster. Includes a nice, quick explanation of roughly how coverage.py works with trace function and arcs used for branch coverage. And how trace slows things down for lines we know are already covered. There are cool ideas from SlipCover that could be applicable. There’s also sys.monitoring from Python 3.12 that helps with line coverage, since you can disable it for lines you already have info on. It doesn’t quite complete the picture for branch coverage, though. Summary: jump in and help if you can read it anyway for a great mental model of how coverage.py works. Michael #3: “Virtual” methods in Python classes via Brian Skinn PEP 698 just got accepted, defining an @override decorator for type hinting, to help avoid errors in subclasses that override methods. Only affects type checkers but allows you to declare a “link” between the base method and derived class method with the intent of overriding it using OOP. If there is a mismatch, it’s an error. Python 3.12’s documentation Makes Python a bit more like C# and other more formal languages Brian #4: Parsing Python ASTs 20x Faster with Rust Evan Doyle Tach is “a CLI tool that lets you define and enforce import boundaries between Python modules in your project.” we covered it in episode 384 When used to analyze Sentry’s ~3k Python file codebase, it took about 10 seconds. Profiling analysis using py-spy and speedscope pointed to a function that spends about 2/3 of the time parsing the AST, and about 1/3 traversing it. That portion was then rewritten in Rust, resulting in 10x speedup, ending in about 1 second. This is a cool example of not just throwing Rust at a speed problem right away, but doing the profiling homework first, and focusing the Rust rewrite on the bottleneck. Extras Brian: I brought up pkgutil.resolve_name() last week on episode 388 Brett Cannon says don’t use that, it’s deprecated Thanks astroboy for letting me know Will we get CalVer for Python? it was talked about at the language summit There’s also pep 2026, in draft, with a nice nod in the number of when it might happen. 3.13 already in the works for 2024 3.14 slated for 2025, and we gotta have a pi release So the earliest is then 2026, with maybe a 3.26 version ? Saying thanks to open source maintainers Great write-up by Brett Cannon about how to show your appreciation for OSS maintainers. Be nice Be an advocate Produce your own open source Say thanks Fiscal support On topic Thanks Brett for pyproject.toml. I love it. Michael: The Shiny for Python course is out! Plus, it’s free so come and get it. Joke: Tao of Programming: Book 1: Into the Silent Void, Part 1
#388 Don't delete all the repos
Topics covered in this episode: PSF Elections coming up Cloud engineer gets 2 years for wiping ex-employer’s code repos Python: Import by string with pkgutil.resolve_name() DuckDB goes 1.0 Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: PSF Elections coming up This is elections for the PSF Board and for 3 bylaw changes. To vote in the PSF election, you need to be a Supporting, Managing, Contributing, or Fellow member of the PSF, … And affirm your voting status by June 25. See Affirm your PSF Membership Voting Status for more details. Timeline Board Nominations open: Tuesday, June 11th, 2:00 pm UTC Board Nominations close: Tuesday, June 25th, 2:00 pm UTC Voter application cut-off date: Tuesday, June 25th, 2:00 pm UTC same date is also for voter affirmation. Announce candidates: Thursday, June 27th Voting start date: Tuesday, July 2nd, 2:00 pm UTC Voting end date: Tuesday, July 16th, 2:00 pm UTC See also Thinking about running for the Python Software Foundation Board of Directors? Let’s talk! There’s still one upcoming office hours session on June 18th, 12 PM UTC And For your consideration: Proposed bylaws changes to improve our membership experience 3 proposed bylaws changes Michael #2: Cloud engineer gets 2 years for wiping ex-employer’s code repos Miklos Daniel Brody, a cloud engineer, was sentenced to two years in prison and a restitution of $529,000 for wiping the code repositories of his former employer in retaliation for being fired. The court documents state that Brody's employment was terminated after he violated company policies by connecting a USB drive. Brian #3: Python: Import by string with pkgutil.resolve_name() Adam Johnson You can use pkgutil.resolve_name("[HTML_REMOVED]:[HTML_REMOVED]")to import classes, functions or modules using strings. You can also use importlib.import_module("[HTML_REMOVED]") Both of these techniques are so that you have an object imported, but the end thing isn’t imported into the local namespace. Michael #4: DuckDB goes 1.0 via Alex Monahan The cloud hosted product @MotherDuck also opened up General Availability Codenamed "Snow Duck" The core theme of the 1.0.0 release is stability. Extras Brian: Sending us topics. Please send before Tuesday. But any time is welcome. NumPy 2.0 htmx 2.0.0 Michael: Get 6 months of PyCharm Pro for free. Just take a course (even a free one) at Talk Python Training. Then visit your account page > details tab and have fun. Coming soon at Talk Python: Shiny for Python Joke: .gitignore thoughts won't let me sleep
#387 Heralding in a new era of database queries
Topics covered in this episode: Dataherald Python's many command-line utilities Distroless Python functools.cache, cachetools, and cachebox Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: Dataherald Interact with your SQL database, Natural Language to SQL using LLMs. Allows you to set up an API from your database that can answer questions in plain English Uses include Allow business users to get insights from the data warehouse without going through a data analyst Enable Q+A from your production DBs inside your SaaS application Create a ChatGPT plug-in from your proprietary data Brian #2: Python's many command-line utilities Trey Hunner Too many to list, but here’s some fun ones json.tool - nicely format json data calendar - print the calendar current by default, but you can pass in year and month gzip, ftplib, tarfile, and other unixy things handy on Windows cProfile & pstats Michael #3: Distroless Python via Patrick Smyth What is distroless anyway? These are container images without package managers or shells included. Debugging these images presents some wrinkles (can't just exec into a shell inside the image), but they're a lot more secure. Chainguard, creates low/no CVE distroless images based on our FOSS distroless OS, Wolfi. Some Python use-cases: docker run -it cgr.dev/chainguard/python:latest # The entrypoint is a Python REPL, since no b/a/sh is included docker run -it cgr.dev/chainguard/python:latest-dev # This is their dev version and has pip, bash, apk, etc. Brian #4: functools.cache, cachetools, and cachebox functools cache and lru_cache - built in cachetools - “This module provides various memoizing collections and decorators, including variants of the Python Standard Library's @lru_cache function decorator.” cachebox - “The fastest caching Python library written in Rust” Extras Brian: Python 3.12.4 is out VSCode has some pytest improvements Michael: Time for a bartender alternative, I’ve switched to Ice. Rocket.chat as an alternative to Slack Joke: CSS Cartoons
#386 Major releases abound
Topics covered in this episode: NumPy 2.0 release date is June 16 Uvicorn adds multiprocess workers pixi JupyterLab 4.2 and Notebook 7.2 are available Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Mailtrap: pythonbytes.fm/mailtrap Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: NumPy 2.0 release date is June 16 “This release has been over a year in the making, and is the first major release since 2006. Importantly, in addition to many new features and performance improvement, it contains breaking changes to the ABI as well as the Python and C APIs. It is likely that downstream packages and end user code needs to be adapted - if you can, please verify whether your code works with NumPy 2.0.0rc2.” NumPy 2.0.0 Release Notes NumPy 2.0 migration guide including “try just running ruff check path/to/code/ --select NPY201” “Many of the changes covered in the 2.0 release notes and in this migration guide can be automatically adapted in downstream code with a dedicated Ruff rule, namely rule NPY201.” Michael #2: Uvicorn adds multiprocess workers via John Hagen The goal was to no longer need to suggest that people use Gunicorn on top of uvicorn. Uvicorn can now in a sense "do it all” Steps to use it and background on how it works. Brian #3: pixi Suggested by Vic Kelson “pixi is a cross-platform, multi-language package manager and workflow tool built on the foundation of the conda ecosystem.” Tutorial: Doing Python development with Pixi Some quotes from Vic: “Pixi is a project manager, written in Rust, that allows you to build Python projects without having Python previously installed. It’s installable with Homebrew (brew install pixi on Linux and MacOS). There’s support in VSCode and PyCharm via plugins. By default, pixi fetches packages from conda-forge, so you get the scientific stack in a pretty reliable and performant build. If a package isn’t on conda-forge, it’ll look on PyPI, or I believe you can force it to look on PyPI if you like.” “So far, it works GREAT for me. What really impressed me is that I got a Jupyter environment with CuPy utilizing my aging Nvidia GPU on the FIRST TRY.” Michael #4: JupyterLab 4.2 and Notebook 7.2 are available JupyterLab 4.2.0 has been released! This new minor release of JupyterLab includes 3 new features, 20 enhancements, 33 bug fixes and 29 maintenance tasks. Jupyter Notebook 7.2.0 has also been released Highlights include Easier Workspaces Management with GUI Recently opened/closed files Full notebook windowing mode by default (renders only the cells visible in the window, leading to improved performance) Improved Shortcuts Editor Dark High Contrast Theme Extras Brian: Help test Python 3.13! Help us test free-threaded Python without the GIL both from Hugo van Kemenade Python Test 221: How to get pytest to import your code under test is out Michael: Bend follow up from Bernát Gábor “Bend looks roughly like Python but is nowhere there actually. For example it has no for loops, instead you're meant to use bend keyword (hence the language name) to expand calculations and another keyword to join branches. So basically think of something that resembles Python at high level, but without being compatible with that and without any of the standard library or packages the Python language provides. That being said does an impressive job at parallelization, but essentially it's a brand new language with new syntax and paradigms that you will have to learn, it just shares at first look similarities with Python the most.” Joke: Do-while
#385 RESTing on Postgres
Topics covered in this episode: PostgresREST How Python Asyncio Works: Recreating it from Scratch Bend The Smartest Way to Learn Python Regular Expressions Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Mailtrap: pythonbytes.fm/mailtrap Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: PostgresREST PostgREST serves a fully RESTful API from any existing PostgreSQL database. It provides a cleaner, more standards-compliant, faster API than you are likely to write from scratch. Speedy First the server is written in Haskell using the Warp HTTP server (aka a compiled language with lightweight threads). Next it delegates as much calculation as possible to the database. Finally it uses the database efficiently with the Hasql library PostgREST handles authentication (via JSON Web Tokens) and delegates authorization to the role information defined in the database. This ensures there is a single declarative source of truth for security. Brian #2: How Python Asyncio Works: Recreating it from Scratch Jacob Padilla Cool tutorial walking through how async works, including Generators Review The Event Loop Sleeping Yield to Await Await with AsyncIO Another great async resource is: Build your Own Async David Beasley talk from 2019 Michael #3: Bend A massively parallel, high-level programming language. With Bend you can write parallel code for multi-core CPUs/GPUs without being a C/CUDA expert with 10 years of experience. It feels just like Python! No need to deal with the complexity of concurrent programming: locks, mutexes, atomics... any work that can be done in parallel will be done in parallel. Brian #4: The Smartest Way to Learn Python Regular Expressions Christian Mayer, Zohaib Riaz, and Lukas Rieger Self published ebook on Python Regex that utilizes book form readings, links to video course sections puzzle challenges to complete online It’s a paid resource, but the min is free. Extras Brian: Replay - A graphic memoir by Prince of Persia creator Jordan Mechner, recounting his own family story of war, exile and new beginnings. Michael: PyCon 2026 Joke: Shells Scripts
#384 Force push lightly
Topics covered in this episode: Git: Force push safely with --force-with-lease and --force-if-includes Thoughts from PyCon 2024 Being friendly: Strategies for friendly fork management tach Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Mailtrap: pythonbytes.fm/mailtrap Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: Git: Force push safely with --force-with-lease and --force-if-includes Adam Johnson Using gentle force Avoid stomping on remote changes with a couple extra flags. Michael #2: Thoughts from PyCon 2024 PyCon is special - the connections you make are always more than you expect Great to see many old friends Did a ”live” Talk Python episode that’ll be out in a few weeks. The talks look great, we’ll let you know when they land on YouTube. Masks were a mistake - universally heard complaints from fellow attendees. This is my two cents towards a more reasonable next PyCon. Brian #3: Being friendly: Strategies for friendly fork management That’s part 2. Part 1 is Being friendly: Friendly forks 101 Lessley Dennington on GitHub Blog Examples of long running friendly forks git-for-windows/git, microsift/git, github/git two public, one private Fork management strategies - when pulling changes downstream merging rebase git-for-windows/git uses this proactively and regularly fake merge + rebase new branch microsoft/git uses this new branch from upstream major versions merge previous changes to new branch traditional merge github/git uses this, conservatively, after a few point bug fix versions Michael #4: tach A Python tool to enforce a modular, decoupled package architecture. tach allows you to define boundaries and control dependencies between your Python packages. Each package can define its public interface. If a package tries to import from another package that is not listed as a dependency, tach will report an error. If a package tries to import from another package and does not use its public interface, with strict: true set, tach will report an error. Zero runtime impact. Extras Brian: Logfire - new observability platform from the pydantic team - free for now Michael: 10% off the new spaCy course throughout May Joke: Evolution of smart products
#383 Why aren’t devs shipping faster?
Topics covered in this episode: I asked 100 devs why they aren’t shipping faster. Here’s what I learned Python 3.13.0 beta 1 released A theme editor for JupyterLab rich-argparse Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by Mailtrap: pythonbytes.fm/mailtrap Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 10am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: I asked 100 devs why they aren’t shipping faster. Here’s what I learned by Daksh Gupta (via PyCoders) What’s stopping you from shipping faster? Dependency bugs Complicated codebase >There is so much undocumented in our service, including poor records of new features, nonexistent or outdated info on our dependencies, or even essential things like best practices for testing, a lot of time is wasted in syncs trying to find the right information QA Loops Waiting for spec > At Amazon? Meetings, approval, talking to 10 different stakeholders because changing the color of a button affects 15 micro services Writing tests Deployment/build speed Scope creep > ｿ The human tendency to stuff last-minute items into the crevices of their luggage minutes before leaving for the airport manifests itself at software companies as scope creep. Unclear requirements Excessive meetings Motivation >honest answer is i was on ads >and that’s a very old / complicated / large stack (edited) >and i didn’t understand it >my friends on younger teams seemed happier, i was miserable DORA metrics Brian #2: Python 3.13.0 beta 1 released "Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b1, is the first of four beta release previews of 3.13.” New REPL, featuring multi-line editing, color support, colorized exception tracebacks Cool GIL, JIT, and GC features Typing changes, including typing.TypeIs . See last weeks episode and TypeIs does what I thought TypeGuard would do in Python Some nice dead battery removals and more But seriously, the REPL is cool. Just ask Trey The new REPL in Python 3.13 - Trey Hunner Michael #3: A theme editor for JupyterLab by Florence Haudin A new tool for authoring JupyterLab themes To lower the bar for customizing JupyterLab we created a new tool providing a simple interface for tuning the JupyterLab appearance interactively. See jupyterlab-theme-editor on github Brian #4: rich-argparse “Format argparse and optparse help using rich.” “rich-argparse improves the look and readability of argparse's help while requiring minimal changes to the code.” They’re not kidding. 2 line code change. from rich_argparse import RichHelpFormatter parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(..., formatter_class=RichHelpFormatter) Extras Brian: pytest course is now switched to the new platform. I sent out an email including how to save their spot on the old site and mark that spot complete on the new site. There’s now comments on the course now. Trying that out. If you’ve got a question, just ask in that section. Michael: A new Talk Python course: Getting Started with NLP and spaCy Joke: Testing holiday
#382 A Simple Game
Topics covered in this episode: act: Run your GitHub Actions locally! portr Annotating args and kwargs in Python github badges Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 11am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Brian #1: act: Run your GitHub Actions locally! Why? “Fast Feedback - Rather than having to commit/push every time you want to test out the changes you are making to your .github/workflows/ files (or for any changes to embedded GitHub actions), you can use act to run the actions locally. The environment variables and filesystem are all configured to match what GitHub provides.” “Local Task Runner - I love make. However, I also hate repeating myself. With act, you can use the GitHub Actions defined in your .github/workflows/ to replace your Makefile!” Docs: nektosact.com Uses Docker to run containers for each action. Michael #2: portr Open source ngrok alternative designed for teams Expose local http, tcp or websocket connections to the public internet Warning: Portr is currently in beta. Expect bugs and anticipate breaking changes. Server setup (docker basically). Brian #3: Annotating args and kwargs in Python Redowan Delowar I don’t think I’ve ever tried, but this is a fun rabbit hole. Leveraging bits of PEP-5891, PEP-6462, PEP-6553, and PEP-6924. Punchline: from typing import TypedDict, Unpack *# Python 3.12+* *# from typing_extensions import TypedDict, Unpack # < Python 3.12* class Kw(TypedDict): key1: int key2: bool def foo(*args: Unpack[tuple[int, str]], **kwargs: Unpack[Kw]) -> None: ... A recent pic from Redowan’s blog: TypeIs does what I thought TypeGuard would do in Python Michael #4: github badges A curated list of GitHub badges for your next project Extras Brian: Fake job interviews target developers with new Python backdoor Later this week, course.pythontest.com will shift from Teachable to Podia Same great content. Just a different backend. To celebrate, get 25% off at pythontest.podia.com now through this Sunday using coupon code PYTEST Getting the most out of PyCon, including juggling - Rob Ludwick Latest PythonTest episode, also cross posted to pythonpeople.fm 3D visualization of dom Michael: Djangonauts Space Session 2 Applications Open! More background at Djangonauts, Ready for Blast-Off on Talk Python. Self-Hosted Open Source - Michael Kennedy on Django Chat Joke: silly games Closing song: Permission Granted
#381 Python Packages in the Oven
Topics covered in this episode: Announcing py2wasm: A Python to Wasm compiler Exploring Python packages with Oven and PyPI Browser PyCharm Local LLM Google shedding Python devs (at least in the US). Extras Joke Watch on YouTube About the show Sponsored by ScoutAPM: pythonbytes.fm/scout Connect with the hosts Michael: @mkennedy@fosstodon.org Brian: @brianokken@fosstodon.org Show: @pythonbytes@fosstodon.org Join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. Usually Tuesdays at 11am PT. Older video versions available there too. Finally, if you want an artisanal, hand-crafted digest of every week of the show notes in email form? Add your name and email to our friends of the show list, we'll never share it. Michael #1: Announcing py2wasm: A Python to Wasm compiler py2wasm converts your Python programs to WebAssembly, running them at 3x faster speeds thanks to Nuitka Brian #2: Exploring Python packages with Oven and PyPI Browser pypi.org is great, but there are some handy alternatives Oven Shows how to install stuff with pip, pdm, rye, and poetry Similar meta and description as PyPI Includes README.md view (no tables yet, though) Nice listing of versions Ability to look at what files are in wheels and tarballs (very cool) Can deploy yourself. Node/Remix app. Really slick. PyPI Browser View versions View wheel and tarball contents. Metadata and contents. No README view Is a Starlette app that you can deploy on your on with a private registry. So that’s cool. Michael #3: PyCharm Local LLM Pretty awesome full line completer based on a local LLM for PyCharm Requires PyCharm Professional An example, given this partial function in Flask: @blueprint.get('/listing') def listing(): videos = video_service.all_videos() Typing ret → That is, typing ret autocompletes to: return flask.render_template('home/listing.html', videos=videos) Which is pretty miraculous, and correct. Brian #4: Google shedding Python devs (at least in the US). Google lays off staff from Flutter, Dart and Python teams weeks before its developer conference - techcrunch Python, Flutter teams latest on the Google chopping block - The Register “Despite Alphabet last week reporting a 57 percent year-on-year jump in net profit to $23.66 billion for calendar Q1, more roles are being expunged as the mega-corp cracks down on costs.” “As for the Python team, the current positions have reportedly been "reduced" in favor of a new team based in Munich.” MK: Related and timely: How one power-hungry leader destroyed Google search Extras Brian: Python Gotcha: strip, lstrip, rstrip can remove more than expected Reminder: You probably want .removesuffix() and .removeprefix() Michael: Using Llama3 in LMStudio Joke: Broken System